- Title
- Nitrogen doping of hydrochars produced hydrothermal treatment of sucrose in H₂O, H₂SO₄, and NaOH
- Creator
- Latham, K. G.; Jambu, G.; Joseph, S. D.; Donne, S. W.
- Relation
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 4, p. 755-764
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc4004339
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2014
- Description
- In this work, we have focused on the effect of highly acidic (0.2 M H ₂SO₄), neutral (H₂O), and basic (0.2 M NaOH) solutions with and without the addition of 0.2 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ on the chemical and structural morphologies of hydrothermally formed carbon spheres (hydrochar) from sucrose at 200°C for 4 h. Hydrolysis product yields without the addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ varied considerably (11.34 wt % H₂SO₄, 47.81 wt % H₂O, and 3.54 wt % NaOH) as did spherical size (3.34, 4.57, and 6.63 nm for H₂SO₄, H₂O, and NaOH, respectively). The addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ increased product yields considerably in acidic and basic conditions (27.76 wt % H₂SO₄ and 14.73 wt % NaOH). Chemically, the hydrochars had a carbon content between 60 and 70 wt % and oxygen content between 22% and 29% with alcohol groups (12.29, 15.44, 11.26 atom % for H₂SO₄, H₂O and NaOH respectively) the main oxygen functionality, although carbonyls, carboxylic acids, and ketones were also present. These oxygen functionalities fluctuated with the presence of (NH₄)₂SO₄, with reductions in alcohols (1-3 atom %) and ketones (1-3 atom %), and increases in carboxylic acids. Nitrogen was located in pyridinic, pyrrolyic, and quaternary groups (6.24, 3.22, and 9.41 atom % for H₂SO₄, H₂O, and NaOH, respectively). GC-MS revealed that levulinic acid was the predominate byproduct.
- Subject
- hydrochar; sucrose; hydrothermal carbonization; animation; nitrogen doping
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1303748
- Identifier
- uon:20714
- Identifier
- ISSN:2168-0485
- Language
- eng
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